Dialektika Kekuasaan, Ilmu, dan Peradaban: Peran Khalifah dalam Formulasi Sistem Pendidikan Islam pada Masa Dinasti Abbasiyah

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the dialectical relationship between political power, the development of knowledge, and the formulation of the Islamic educational system during the Abbasid Dynasty. Using a historical-qualitative library research approach, this study examines the strategic role of the Abbasid caliphs, particularly Harun al-Rashid and Al-Ma'mun, in fostering the Islamic intellectual tradition through educational policies, the establishment of the Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom), support for the translation movement, the development of madrasahs, and the establishment of higher education institutions. The findings reveal that the advancement of education during the Abbasid era resulted from the synergy between political vision, institutional support, openness to foreign knowledge, and the integration of religious sciences with rational sciences. The Abbasid educational system successfully laid the foundation for a scientific civilization that profoundly influenced the global development of Islamic education and contributed significantly to the intellectual awakening of the Western world.