Inheritance Distribution Policy in Islamic Law: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, the European Union, and the Historical Context of Harun al-Rashid's Reign

Abstract

This research explores a crucial topic concerning the management policy of inheritance within the framework of Islamic inheritance law, by conducting a comparative study between Indonesia, the European Union (EU), and the economic policies during the reign of Harun al-Rashid. Considering the significance of inheritance in maintaining family economic continuity and ensuring equitable wealth distribution, this study aims to analyze and compare how different nations and civilizations regulate the management and distribution of inheritance. The study focuses on the legal frameworks of inheritance in Indonesia and the EU, including the principles of inheritance law, the distribution of heirs' rights, and mechanisms for resolving inheritance disputes. Furthermore, the research delves into the economic policies implemented during the era of Harun al-Rashid, particularly those related to wealth distribution systems, protection of family rights, and the role of the state in maintaining social welfare through inheritance management. A qualitative juridical-sociological approach is employed to understand how legal, social, economic, and cultural factors influence inheritance policies in the three contexts. Data is collected through in-depth literature review, analysis of legal documents and policies, as well as studies of Islamic historical and economic literature. The research aims to identify similarities and differences in inheritance management approaches, and to evaluate the effectiveness and fairness of each model. The findings are expected to offer valuable insights for formulating a more just, inclusive, and contextually appropriate inheritance policy in Indonesia, by taking into account the experiences of different legal systems and historical civilizations.